Early Years Toolkit

ምቕባል ምጅማር

ውላድኩም ናብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዝገብሮ ጉዕዞ ኣብ ገዛ እዩ ዝጅምር።

ኩሎም ቆልዑ ብናባዕሎም ፍጥነት ከምዝምዕብሉን፣ ኩላትና ካብ ውልደት ኣትሒዝና ኸም እንመሃርን ንፈልጥ ኢና። ትምህርቲ ዝጅምሩሉ ግዜ ምስ ኣኸለ፣ ገሊኦም ቆልዑ ካብ ካልኦት ንላዕሊ ሓገዝ የድልዮም እዩ።

ኣብያተ-ትምህርቲ መብዛሕትኦም ቆልዑ ቅድሚ እታ ቐዳመይቲ መዓልቶም ኽመሃሩዎ ዝጽበይዎም ቑልፊ ኽእለታት* ኣለዉ። ነዚኦም ምልምማድ ውሉድካ ናብ መቐበሊ ዝገብሮ ጉዕዞ ብእተኻእለ መጠን ኣወንታዊ ይገብሮ።

ውሉድኩም ድሮ ኣብ መዋእለ ሕጻናት፣ ኣብ ቅድመ ቤት ትምህርቲ፣ ወይ ምስ ኣላዪ ሕጻናት እንተሃልዩ፣ እዞም ሰብ ሞያ እዚኣቶም ድልው ንክኾኑ ምሳኹምን ውሉድኩምን ብሓባር ኽሰርሑ እዮም።

ንውሉድም ብስምዒታውን ብግብራውን መዳይ ትምህርቲ ንኽጅምሩ ድሉዋት ኰይኖም ንኸስምዖም ብምሕጋዝ፣ ዓርሰ ምትእምማንን ናጽነትን ንምህናጽ ኣብ ገዛ ኽትገብሮም እትኽእል ብዙሕ ነገራት ኣለዉ።

ውላደይ ንኽዳለዉ ብኸመይ ክሕግዞ እኽእል?

• ውሉድኩም ትምህርቲ ምስ ጀመሩ ክለምድዎም ዘለዎም ብዙሕ ሓድሽ ንጥፈታትን ልማዳትን ክህልዎ እዩ። ካብቲ ቕድሚኡ ዝገብርዎ ዝነበረ ንላዕሊ ብርእሶም ክገብርዎ ዘድልዮም ገለ ነገራት ኣለዉ።
• መጽናዕትታት ሓደ ቆልዓ ምስ ወለዱ ዘለዎ ርክብ ኣብ ዕቤቶም ልዕሊ ዅሉ ኣገዳሲ ረቛሒ ከምዝኾነ የርኢ፣ ኣብ ገዛ ድማ ብዙሕ ክትገብሮ ትኽእል ነገር አሎ።
• ​When your child is at home with you or another caregiver, you can practice as a family with fun activities (we’ve included links at the end of this resource).
• ገለ ኻብዞም ኽእለታት እዚኦም ንምልምማድ ግዜ ይወስዱ እዮም፣ ስለዚ ከም ክፍሊ መዓልታዊ ንጥፈታትኩም በብቝሩብ ከተፋልጥዎም ጽቡቕ እዩ።

ውላደይ ተወሳኺ ሓገዝ ዘድልዮ እንተዀይኑኸ?

• ውላድኩም ናብ ምቕባል ንኽኣትዉ ተወሳኺ ደገፍ እንተኣድልይዎም፣ ብእተኻእለ መጠን ነቲ ሓድሽ መምህሩ ብዙሕ ሓበሬታ ከም እትካፈልዎ ኣረጋግጹ። ንውሉድኩም ዝድግፍ ስልትታት ንምርካብ ምሳኹም ኽሰርሑ ይኽእሉ እዮም።
• ኣብ ሓጋይ እተወልዱ ቆልዑ፣ ወይ እቶም እንግሊዝኛ ከም ተወሳኺ ቋንቋ (English as an additional language፣ EAL) ዝዛረቡ ዝያዳ ደገፍ የድልዮም ይኸውን።
• If you know or suspect your child has suspected or confirmed special educational needs (SEND), developmental differences or delays, some of these skills may not be achievable for them at this point.
• ኣቐዲምካ ዝግበር ደገፍ ዓብዪ ለውጢ የምጽእ – ሓገዝ ንምርካብ ንመዋእለ ሕጻናት፣ ቤት ትምህርቲ፣ ናይ ጥዕና በጻሒ፣ ናይቲ ከባቢ ማእከል ቆልዑ ወይ ማእከል ስድራቤት ሕተቱ።

ሓገዝ ንምርካብ ምስ መን ክዘራረብ እኽእል?

ኩሎም ቆልዑ ብዛዕባ Starting Reception ምትእምማንን ሓጐስን ምእንቲ ኽስምዖም ካብ ዝኣምኑዎም ዓበይቲ ሓገዝ የድልዮም እዩ።

• ዝያዳ ሓበሬታ ምስ ዘድልየኩም ናይ ቆልዓ ሓላዊ/መዕበዪ ሕጻናት/ቅድመ ቤት ትምህርቲ ወይ ናይ ጥዕና በጻሒኹም፣ ማእከል ቆልዑ ወይ ማእከል ስድራቤት ክሕግዙኹም ይኽእሉ እዮም።
• ንስኹምን ውሉድኩምን ብሓባር ንኽትዳለዉ ንምሕጋዝ አብ ታሕቲ ዝርዝር ውድባትን ምንጭታትን ኣዳሊና ኣለና።

The definition: skills to practice before starting Reception

New skills take time to learn. Practicing at home will help your child move into school more easily and with confidence.

እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ናጽነት

ንገዛእ ርእሶም ምኸንኻን

• ክዳኖምን ጫምኦምን ምግባር/ምውጻእ
• ሽቓቕ ምጥቃምን ኣእዳዎም ምሕጻብን
• ብዙሕ ሓገዝ ዘይተገበረሎም ኽዳውንቲ ምኽዳን፣ ንኣብነት ሽቓቕ ድሕሪ ምጥቃምካ ወይ PE ድሕሪ ምግባር
• Using a fork/spoon and drinking from an open cup
• ካባኹም ርሒቖም ግዜ ምሕላፍ፣ ብሓለይቲ ዓበይቲ ሰባት ኽንክን ኽግበረሎም ከም ዝኽእሉ ምፍላጥ

ጸወታ፣ ፈጠራን ናይ ምፍላጥ ሃንቀውታን

• Engaging in imaginative play (e.g. role play)
• ምስኣል፣ ምቅብኣ፣ ሕብሪ ምግባር ከምኡውን ምልባቕ
• ናይ ዛንታ መጻሕፍቲ ምክፋል፣ ስእልታት ምርኣይ ከምኡውን ብዛዕባ እቶም ገጸ-ባህርያት ምዝርራብ
• Exploring the world around them (e.g. looking closely at the natural world or playing safely with objects at home)

ርክባት ምህናጽን ሓሳብ ንሓሳብ ምልውዋጥን

ምስ ካልኦት ምዃን

• Practicing sharing and taking turns with toys
• Talking to them about how they are feeling and why
• ንመጻሕፍቲ ዛንታ ብሓባር ምርኣይን ገጸ-ባህርያት እንታይ ከም ዝስምዖም ምዝርራብን ነዚ ንምግባር ጽቡቕ መገዲ እዩ
• ካልኦት እንታይ ይስምዖም ከምዘሎ ምፍላጥ ምጅማር፣ ንኣብነት ዓርክኻ እንተሓዚኑ ምርዳእ
• ንገዛእ ርእሶምን ንኻልኦትን ደረት ክገብሩ ምትብባዕ (ንኣብነት 'ኣይፋል' ብኸመይ ከም ዝብሉ ምፍላጥ)

ሓሳብ ንሓሳብ ምልውዋጥን ቋንቋን

• ደርፍታትን መዝሙራት መዋለህጻናትን ብሓባር ምዝማር
• ብዛዕባ ንጥፈታትን፣ ተመክሮታትን ኣብ ከባቢኦም ዘሎ ዓለምን ብሓጐስ ምስ ኻልኦት ምዝርራብ
• ብንጹር ብምዝራብ ሓገዝ ከም ዘድልዮም ምርኣይ (ብመሰረታዊ እንግሊዝኛ ወይ ብቛንቋ ምልክት)
• ንድፊ ሽሞም ምልላይ (ኣብ ካቦቶም ወይ ጃኬቶም ምእንቲ ኽረኽብዎ)

ምስማዕን ምስታፍን

• ንሓጺር እዋን ኣቓልቦ ምሃብ
• ቀሊል መምርሒታት ምስማዕን ምስዓብን
• ኣጸጋሚ ኣብ ዝዀነሉ እዋን እውን ከይተረፈ ዕዮ ምቕጻልን ነገራት እንተ ተበላሽዩም ከምብሓድሽ ምምላስን

ኣካላዊ ምዕባለ

ኣብ መዓልቲ እንተወሓደ ንሰለስተ ሰዓታት ምንቅስቓስ

• ኣብ መደያይቦ ምድያብን ንታሕት ምውራድን (ሓደ እግሪ ኣብ ሓደ ድዜ፣ ንደገፍ ነቲ መንደቕ ብምጥቃም)
• ምድያብ፣ ምጕያይ፣ ምዝላልን ምጽዋትን
• ዓብዪ ዅዕሶ ምሓዝ (መብዛሕትኡ ግዜ)
• ቀሊል ፐዝላትን ናይ ኢደ-ጥበብ ንጥፈታትን ምግባር፣ ብምቝራጽን ብምጣበቕን ናይ ምትሕሓዝ ዓቕሞም ምጥንኻር

ጥዑይ ልማድታት

• ኣብ ነፍሲ ወከፍ ምሸት ኣብ ተመሳሳሊ ሰዓት ምድቃስ፣ ንቤት ትምህርቲ ንምድላው ኣብ ሰዓትካ ምትሳእ
• ናይ ስክሪን ግዜ ምስቲ ዝምከር መዓልታዊ መጠን ደረት ምግባር (ምኽሪ ርአ)
• ጥዑይ ኣመጋግባ ምብላዕን ሓደሽቲ ምግቢታት ምፍታንን
• ኣብ መዓልቲ ኽልተ ሳዕ ብፍሎራይድ መቦረሺ ስኒ ምሕጻብ (እንተ ወሓደ 7 ዓመት ክሳዕ ዝኾኖም ነዚ ኽትቈጻጸርዎ ኣለኩም)

ብዛዕባ ዕቤት ውሉደይ ዘተሓሳስብ ነገራት እንተሃልዩኒ እንታይ ክገብር ኣሎኒ?

• ብዛዕባ ዕቤት ውላድኩም ትጭነቑ እንተኾይንኩም፣ ምስ ኣላዪ ሕጻናት/መዋእለ ሕጻናት/ቅድመ ቤት ትምህርቲ ጉጅለ፣ ናይ ጥዕና በጻሒ፣ ኣብቲ ኸባቢ ዝርከብ ማእከል ቆልዑ ወይ ማዕከል ስድራቤት ተዘራረቡ።
• ​If your child has developmental delays or SEND (suspected or confirmed), speak to their childminder/nursery/pre-school team well before they start Reception.
• You can work with your child’s early years setting to help your child with self-care, managing emotions, social skills, and communication in a way that suits their stage of development.
• ​You might want to share details about their development, needs, what motivates them, what might trigger difficulties, how they learn best, and what strategies work well.
• ንውሉድካ ንዝድግፉ ዅሎም ሰባት እንተላይ ነቲ ሓድሽ መምህሮም፣ ኣገዳሲ ሓበሬታ ከምእተካፍልዎም አረጋግጹ።

ምንጭታት ተወሳኺ ሓገዝ ንዘድልዮም ስድራቤታት፦

ንዓኹም፣ ንውሉድኩምን ንትምህርታዊ ኣቀማምጣኦምን ንምድላው ሓበሬታን ስትራተጂታትን ብምሃብ ክድግፉኻ ዝኽእሉ ብዙሓት ውድባት ኣለዋ፣ እዚ ኸኣ ብዘይ ገለ ጸገም መሰጋገሪ ኸምዝገብሩን ንመጻኢ ኣሳልጦ ንኽረኽቡን ብምድላዉን እዩ።

እዚ ንዝስዕቡ የጠቓልል፦

• ናብራ ስድራቤት
• ዘረባን ቛንቛን UK
• Dingley’s Promise
• KIDS

<p><strong>ምቕባል ምጅማር</strong></p>
<p><strong>ውላድኩም ናብ ቤት ትምህርቲ ዝገብሮ ጉዕዞ ኣብ ገዛ እዩ ዝጅምር።</strong></p>
<p>We understand that all children develop at their own pace, and that we're all learning from birth. When it's time to start school, some children will need more help than others.</p>
<p>There are key skills that schools expect children to be learning before their first day. Practicing these will make your child's journey to Reception as positive as possible.</p>
<p>ውሉድኩም ድሮ ኣብ መዋእለ ሕጻናት፣ ኣብ ቅድመ ቤት ትምህርቲ፣ ወይ ምስ ኣላዪ ሕጻናት እንተሃልዩ፣ እዞም ሰብ ሞያ እዚኣቶም ድልው ንክኾኑ ምሳኹምን ውሉድኩምን ብሓባር ኽሰርሑ እዮም።</p>
<p>There's lots you can do at home to build your child's confidence and independence, helping them feel emotionally and practically prepared to start school.</p>
<p><strong>ውላደይ ንኽዳለዉ ብኸመይ ክሕግዞ እኽእል?</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Your child will have lots of new activities and routines to get used to when they start school. There are some things they'll need to do more independently than they might have before.</li>
<li>​Research shows that a child's relationship with their parents is the most important factor in their development, and there's a lot you can do at home.</li>
<li>​When your child is at home with you or another caregiver, you can practice as a family with fun activities (we've included links at the end of this resource).</li>
<li>Some of these skills take time to master, so it's good to introduce them gradually as part of your daily routine.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ውላደይ ተወሳኺ ሓገዝ ዘድልዮ እንተዀይኑኸ?</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>If your child needs additional support to settle into Reception, make sure you share as much information as possible with their new teacher. They can work with you to find strategies to support your child.</li>
<li>Summer born children, or those speaking English as an additional language (EAL) may need more support.</li>
<li>If you know or suspect your child has suspected or confirmed special educational needs (SEND), developmental differences or delays, some of these skills may not be achievable for them at this point.</li>
<li>Early support makes a big difference &ndash; ask your child's nursery, school, health visitor, local children's centre or family hub for help.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ሓገዝ ንምርካብ ምስ መን ክዘራረብ እኽእል?</strong></p>
<p>ኩሎም ቆልዑ ብዛዕባ Starting Reception ምትእምማንን ሓጐስን ምእንቲ ኽስምዖም ካብ ዝኣምኑዎም ዓበይቲ ሓገዝ የድልዮም እዩ።</p>
<ul>
<li>Your childminder/nursery/pre-school team or your health visitor, children's centre or family hub can help if you need more information.</li>
<li>We've also put together a list of organisations and resources further down to help you and your child get ready together.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>The definition: skills to practice before starting Reception</strong></p>
<p>New skills take time to learn. Practicing at home will help your child move into school more easily and with confidence.</p>
<p><strong>እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ናጽነት</strong></p>
<p><strong>ንገዛእ ርእሶም ምኸንኻን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Putting on/taking off their coat and shoes</li>
<li>Using the toilet and washing their hands</li>
<li>Getting dressed with little help, e.g. after using the toilet or doing PE</li>
<li>Using a fork/spoon and drinking from an open cup</li>
<li>Spending time away from you, learning they can be looked after by caring adults</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ጸወታ፣ ፈጠራን ናይ ምፍላጥ ሃንቀውታን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Engaging in imaginative play (e.g. role play)</li>
<li>Drawing, painting, colouring and sticking</li>
<li>Sharing story books with caregivers, looking at pictures and talking about the characters</li>
<li>Exploring the world around them (e.g. looking closely at the natural world or playing safely with objects at home)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ርክባት ምህናጽን ሓሳብ ንሓሳብ ምልውዋጥን</strong></p>
<p><strong>ምስ ካልኦት ምዃን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Practicing sharing and taking turns with toys</li>
<li>Talking to them about <strong>how</strong> they are feeling and <strong>why</strong></li>
<li>Looking at story books together and speaking about what characters are feeling is a good way to do this</li>
<li>Beginning to recognise what others are feeling, e.g. understanding if a friend is sad</li>
<li>Encouraging them to set boundaries for themselves and others (e.g. knowing how to say &lsquo;no')</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ሓሳብ ንሓሳብ ምልውዋጥን ቋንቋን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Singing along with songs and nursery rhymes</li>
<li>Talking happily to others about activities, experiences and the world around them</li>
<li>Showing they need help by speaking clearly (in basic English or sign language)</li>
<li>Recognising the pattern of their name (so they can find it on their coat peg or jacket)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ምስማዕን ምስታፍን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Paying attention for short periods of time</li>
<li>Listening to and following simple instructions</li>
<li>Carrying on with a task even when it's difficult and bouncing back if things go wrong</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ኣካላዊ ምዕባለ</strong></p>
<p><strong>ኣብ መዓልቲ እንተወሓደ ንሰለስተ ሰዓታት ምንቅስቓስ</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Walking up and down steps (one foot at a time, using the wall for support)</li>
<li>Climbing, running, jumping and playing</li>
<li>Catching a large ball (most of the time)</li>
<li>Doing simple puzzles and craft activities, strengthening their grip with cutting and sticking</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ጥዑይ ልማድታት</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>Going to bed around the same time each night, waking up in time to get ready for school</li>
<li>Limiting screen time to the recommended daily amounts (see advice)</li>
<li>Eating a healthy diet and trying new foods</li>
<li>Brushing their teeth with fluoride toothpaste twice a day (you'll need to supervise this until they are at least 7)</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>What should I do if I have concerns about my child's development?</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>If you're worried about your child's progress, talk to your childminder/nursery/pre-school team, health visitor, local children's centre or Family Hub.</li>
<li>​If your child has developmental delays or SEND (suspected or confirmed), speak to their childminder/nursery/pre-school team well before they start Reception.</li>
<li>You can work with your child's early years setting to help your child with self-care, managing emotions, social skills, and communication in a way that suits their stage of development.</li>
<li>​You might want to share details about their development, needs, what motivates them, what might trigger difficulties, how they learn best, and what strategies work well.</li>
<li>Make sure you share important information with everyone supporting your child, including their new Reception teacher.</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ምንጭታት ተወሳኺ ሓገዝ ንዘድልዮም ስድራቤታት፦</strong></p>
<p>ንዓኹም፣ ንውሉድኩምን ንትምህርታዊ ኣቀማምጣኦምን ንምድላው ሓበሬታን ስትራተጂታትን ብምሃብ ክድግፉኻ ዝኽእሉ ብዙሓት ውድባት ኣለዋ፣ እዚ ኸኣ ብዘይ ገለ ጸገም መሰጋገሪ ኸምዝገብሩን ንመጻኢ ኣሳልጦ ንኽረኽቡን ብምድላዉን እዩ።</p>
<p>እዚ ንዝስዕቡ የጠቓልል፦</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.familylives.org.uk/">ናብራ ስድራቤት</a></li>
<li><a href="https://speechandlanguage.org.uk/">ዘረባን ቛንቛን UK</a></li>
<li><a href="https://dingley.org.uk/">Dingley's Promise</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.kids.org.uk/">KIDS</a></li>
</ul>

<p><strong>እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ናጽነት</strong></p>
<p><strong>እናዓበየ ዝኸይድ ናጽነት</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.parentkind.org.uk/for-parents/be-school-ready#heading547662">Check out Parentkind&rsquo;s online advice hub and magazine for parents &lsquo;Be School Ready&rsquo;</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.familycorner.co.uk/5-tips-help-your-child-prepare-transition-reception">Enjoy Family Corner&rsquo;s 5 tips to help your child get ready for Reception</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.pacey.org.uk/starting-school/">መምርሒ ንወለድን ክኢላታትን፦</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://easypeasyapp.com/for-parents-and-carers">Download the free EasyPeasy mobile app for tips and activities to support everyday parenting moments</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ንገዛእ ርእሶም ምኸንኻን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.familycorner.co.uk/how-do-i-make-separating-my-toddler-easier">ምፍልላይ ዝቐለለ ኽትገብሮ እትኽእል ብኸመይ ኢዩ?</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.leicspart.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/416-dressing-skills-2.pdf">ክዳን ተኸዲንኩም ንቲ መዓልቲ ምድላው፦</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zdxvy9q">Getting ready for the Day - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ምልማድ ሽንቲ ቤት</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://ihv.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/PT-Toilet-training-FINAL-VERSION-17.04.23.pdf">The Institute of Health Visiting has advice and tips on toilet training</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://eric.org.uk/potty-training/">ቀሊልን ደጋፊን ምኽሪ ምልማድ ሽንቲ ቤት - ERIC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/babys-development/potty-training-and-bedwetting/how-to-potty-train/">ምልማድ ፖቲን ምሽናን ኣብ ዓራትን - NHS</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://downsyndromeuk.co.uk/parents/toilettraining/">Pants4School - Down Syndrome UK</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ምጽዋት፣ ፈጠራን ናይ ምፍላጥ ሃንቀውታን&nbsp;</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNrnZag17Ek">5 steps for brain building through serve and return -&nbsp;Center on the Developing Child at Harvard University</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXImT5QNWpw">How to follow a child&rsquo;s interest in play - National Literacy Trust</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zvp88xs">How to role play with your child - Pretend role play - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/z6jggwx">How to role play with your child - Playing pretend animals - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/z4j8d6f">Fire up their imagination with drawing - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.pacey.org.uk/mark-making/">ምልክት ምስራሕ (mark-making) እንታይ እዩ፣ ንትምህርቲኸ ስለምንታይ ኣገዳሲ እዩ? - PACEY</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/world-book-day">Sharing story books on World Book Day - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zj6nsk7">Nature activities for children - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zvcbgwx">Learning and having fun on the bus - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/znnqmfr">Play a game of 'What's that sound?' - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ርክባት ምህናጽን ሓሳብ ንሓሳብ ምልውዋጥን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://centreforearlychildhood.org/our-work/research/the-shaping-us-framework/">The Royal Foundation Centre for Early Childhood&rsquo;s Shaping Us Framework outlines how these skills develop in early childhood</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.booktrust.org.uk/how-we-help/parents-families/getting-ready-to-start-school/">ብሓባር ታሪኻት ንምስትምቓር ዝበለጹ ምኽርታትን ንትምህርቲ ቤት ምጅማር ዝምችኡ መጻሕፍቲ ምኽርን - BookTrust</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ምስ ካልኦት ምዃን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.familycorner.co.uk/how-can-i-help-my-child-make-friends">ንውላድኩም ከመይ ገይሩ ዓርኪ ንኽገብር ከም ትሕግዝዎ ተማሃሩ - Family Corner</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://wordsforlife.org.uk/activities/milestones-4-year-olds/">ማሕበራዊ ምዕባለ ውላድኩም ተረድኡ - Words for Life</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zxfbg7h">Practice sharing with toys - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ሓሳብ ንሓሳብ ምልውዋጥን ቋንቋን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://wordsforlife.org.uk/parent-support/when-should-my-child-be-able-to-write-their-name/">You are your child&rsquo;s first teacher &ndash; help them learn how to write their name - Words for Life</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/start-for-life/toddler/learning-to-talk/learning-to-talk-3-to-5-years/">Explore a range of approaches to language learning and development from NHS Start for Life</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zbkc47h">Build your child&rsquo;s imagination and language by making up stories together - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ምስማዕን ምስታፍን</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://wordsforlife.org.uk/activities/talking-to-your-child-when-out-and-about/">Follow the walk and talk trail with the National Literacy Trust</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zb8nydm">Practice language and listening skills at home with these games - Playing with a cardboard telescope - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zgvthcw">Practice language and listening skills at home with these games - Red Light, Green Light - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ኣካላዊ ምዕባለ</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/physical-activity-guidelines-children-under-five-years/">ን3 ሰዓታት ኣብ መዓልቲ ንቕስቓሴ ምግባር - NHS</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjxXBZeFcmg">“Core strength” እንታይ እዩ፣ ንህጻናትከ ስለምንታይ ኣገዳሲ እዩ? - Department for Education</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zf8v3j6">ንኽንቀሳቐሱ ዘዘናግዑ ጸወታታት - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ጥዑይ ልማድታት</strong></p>
<p><strong>“ጥዕናዊ” ደረጃ ናይ screen time እንታይ ምዃኑ ብዕድመ ተረድኡ</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/24-04-2019-to-grow-up-healthy-children-need-to-sit-less-and-play-more">World Health Organization guidance</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://healthprofessionalsforsaferscreens.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/%C2%A90-5_poster_HPFSS.pdf">Health Professionals for Safer Screens poster</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ብዛዕባ ደህንነት ኢንተርነት፣ screen use ኣብ ንኣሽቱ ህጻናት ዘለዎ ጽልዋን ዝምከር screen time ኣመልኪቱ ሓበሬታ ረኸቡ</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://help-for-early-years-providers.education.gov.uk/health-and-wellbeing/internet-safety">Help for early years providers: Internet safety</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ንኣዝዮም ንኣሽቱ ህጻናት ዘለዎም ወለዲ፣ NCT ንህጻናትን toddlersን ምኽሪ ይህብ፡</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.nct.org.uk/information/baby-toddler/caring-for-your-baby-or-toddler/screen-time-for-babies-and-toddlers-how-much">Screen time ንህጻናትን toddlersን - NCT</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ህጻናት ምስ ምግቢ ጽኑዕ ዝምድና ንኽህልዎምን ካብ መጀመርታ ቅኑዕ ምርጫ ንኽገብሩን ሓግዝዎም</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://help-for-early-years-providers.education.gov.uk/health-and-wellbeing/nutrition">መምርሒ ስነ-ምግቢ - Department for Education</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/healthier-families/">ዝበለጸ ጥዕና ዘለወን ስድራቤታት - NHS</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/z8h7dp3">Five tips for helping your kids to eat healthily all year round - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.firststepsnutrition.org/eating-well-resources">ጽቡቕ ኣመጋግባ - First Steps Nutrition Trust</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/healthy-eating-for-children.html">ንጥዕናዊ ኣመጋግባ ህጻናት ሓበሬታ ዝሓዘ ወረቐት - Association of UK Dieticians</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>ምብራሽ ስኒ</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/z6jbydm">Toothbrushing SOS with the singing dentist</a></strong></li>
</ul>
<p><strong>መምርሒ ድቃስ</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/baby/health/sleep-and-young-children/">ድቃስን ንኣሽቱ ህጻናትን - NHS</a></u></strong></li>
<li><strong><u><a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/tiny-happy-people/articles/zyv6xbk">Struggling to get children to sleep: How to establish a bedtime routine - BBC</a></u></strong></li>
</ul>